Supplemental Note on Count-to-Infinity Induced Forwarding Loops in Ethernet Networks
نویسندگان
چکیده
Ethernet forwarding loops are dangerous. Packets can be trapped in a loop and cause network congestion and instability. Furthermore, packet forwarding can be disrupted due to the pollution of forwarding tables. In this report, we show that the “count-to-infinity” behavior in Ethernet’s Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) can lead to a temporary forwarding loop. Additionally, we identify the causes for the formation of this forwarding loop: races between protocol control packets traversing the network, races between RSTP state machines, and nondeterminism within RSTP state machines. Finally, we present an annotated trace of RSTP events for an example network as an existential proof of the formation of a forwarding loop during count to infinity.
منابع مشابه
On Count-to-Infinity Induced Forwarding Loops in Ethernet Networks
Ethernet’s high performance, low cost and ubiquity have made it the dominant networking technology for many application domains. Unfortunately, its distributed forwarding topology computation protocol – the Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) – can suffer from a classic “count-to-infinity” problem that may lead to a forwarding loop under certain network failures. The consequences are serious. D...
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